AN ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF INTIMATE ADDRESS SYSTEM IN THE DRAMA FILMS(A SOCIOLINGUISTICS APPROACH)

ARTIKA, RATNA PRIMA (2008)
Abstract
This research aims to study the intimate address used in the drama films. Address systems are the term used by the people to address the person they are talking to. Its use depends on the relationship and the relative status of individual involved in conversation. The objectives of the study are to describe the uses of intimate addresses and the reasons of the use of intimate addresses system employed by the characters in the drama films. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data are the intimate address system used by the characters in the drama films. The data are collected from the dialogue containing personal address system in movie manuscript. The methods of collecting data are observation and documentation. Tu (T) and Vous (V) Theory is used to analyze the use of intimate address system. In addition, SPEAKING formula proposed by Hymes is used to find out the reasons of the use of the intimate address system. The results of this research show that the intimate address used in drama films not only used Mutual/Symmetrical Tu (T) but also Mutual/Symmetrical Vous (V) and, Asymmetrical Tu (T) and Vous (V). Asymmetrical Tu (T) and Vous (V) is still divided into two forms; Giving Vous (V) _Receiving Tu (T) and Giving Tu (T) _Receiving Vous (V). In addition, the identification of context of conversation shows that the intimate address system som etimes is used not only between the people that have an intimate relationship, but also betwee n the people who do not have the intimate relationship; also, the intimate address system is used not only in informal situation but also in formal situation. Besides, the reasons of employing the intimate address system include showing intimacy, showing respect and showing power.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Every language reflects the social characters of the speaker, of the
addressee or of the relation between them. Address system is one of the
important tools of communication used in society. Social class, age, sex,
profession, marital status, politeness and other related aspect are the kinds of
basic rules. Address forms are used by the speaker to designate the person
they are talking to. The use of address forms depends on the relationship
between addresser and addressee, the social status or individual in volved in
the conversation, the purpose of the conversation and the situation. The main
goal of addressing is to maintain social relationship between addresser and
addressee in society (Fasold, 1990:1). Meanwhile inappropriate use of the
address forms will result in failure in establishing social relationship.
In general conversation both participants need greeting. Addressing is
the part of greeting (Chaika, 1982:46). Addressing differs from greeting in two
ways. First, addressing is used almost solely for power and solidarity.
Greeting may vary between two people depending on their mood. Two people
who address each other the same way each time they meet may vary their
greeting. Second, addressing can be repeatedly constantly throughout a
conversation, to reinforce the relative intimacy and solidarity between people.
Address system in greeting of conversation show the interest between the
participants (Chaika, 1982:46).
A number of people generally do addressing someone before starting
conversation. Calling someone’s name is the most common way of
addressing. In addressing, Wardaugh (2000:264) implies that the person must
consider of close relationship / intimateness, addressing of kinship term,
addressing of respectful term, and addressing of mockeries.
Address system is usually used to show the possession of formal and
informal manners and consideration of the people. In other words, employing
a certain address term, speaker wants to express his or her feelings of respect,
solidarity, intimacy, and familiarity to the other people. Clearly address forms
are employed to maintain social relation that occurs in daily life.
Address is considered as a part of conversation. Having deep
understanding about address rules of language is not an easy matter.
Wardaugh (1998:253) states that the actual rules of address in a society are as
a complex as society itself.
Actually language provides a variety of ways of saying the same things
in addressing and greeting others, describing things, and paying compliment.
Some factors influence the relationship between the people in particular
situation and how the speaker feels about the people addressed. Wardaugh
(2000:26) states that one can address other by the title (T), first name (FN), by
Last Name (LN), by a nickname, by some combination of these, or by nothing
at all. In addressing another, the choice of name which one uses for the other
depends both on the knowledge of the person the addresser speaks to, and on
the situation.
Wardaugh (2000:266) confirms that addressing by the title alone is the
least intimate forms of address. Those titles usually designate ranks or
occupation, as in Colonel, Doctor, or Waiter. When uses the first name alone
in addressing, it seems that the person is presuming an intimacy or
alternatively is trying to assert some power over addressee. Both first name
and nickname tends to occur in relaxed or informal situation. Title and first
name have the interesting effect of showing respect by the title, by intimacy
by the first name.
How the people say something is at least as important as what people
say. One way of looking at the relationship is to examine a few specific
aspects of communication namely pronominal choice between Tu and Vous
form in language which receive such as a choice the use of naming, address
system and employment of politeness makers (Wardaugh, 2000:261).
People can find many forms of address term used. In relax situation,
someone often calls a friend with his nickname, such as Tom for Thomas, or
Mickey for Michael. However in the other formal situation, people tend to
address someone else by their titles like Mr., Mrs., Miss, etc. besides, the
address of my love, my dear or title one usually used to show the intimate
relation between the addresser and addressee.
According to Fas old (1990:4), intimacy can be meant two people can
be equally powerful in the social order, but be from different parts of the
country, and be different, if equally respected, profession. In other words, the
need developed to distinguish a degree of common ground between people
which went beyond simply having equal power.
Whereas address, literally means formal speech or giving a speech to
somebody. Generally address is a term used by someone to call her or his
friend, family member, person who has an honor or even person who he or she
never met before. Like the explanation above, the addressing depend on with
whom they are talking to. Once more, in this research the writer discusses
about the intimate address, it means the addressing used by someone to call
the other and it is informal characterized, such as calling the one name like
Alex, Anna, Bridge, etc , using multiple name like darling, dear, honey, etc.
So, it can be concluded that intimate address is the term used by someone to
address or to call the other who has a close or rather close relationship to show
his or her intimacy, respect and familiarity.
The phenomena that human being will never stop communicating, and
in communicating they will never stop using many kinds of addressing to
address the interlocutors in many different situations, and that the conversation
is also represented in movie encourages the writer to conduct a research
dealing with intimate address system seen in drama films entitled “AN
ANALYSIS ON THE USED OF INTIMATE ADDRESS SYSTEM IN
THE DRAMA FILMS (A SOCIOLINGUISTICS APPROACH)”.
B. Previous Study
The study of address system was done by some researchers; some of
them are as follows:
Asmawati (2003), she discussed about addressing in her research “A
Sociolinguistics Analysis on English Address System Used in Blackboy
Novel”. In her research she found five kinds of address term (1) Address using
name, (2) Address using respectful term, (3) Address using family
relationship, (4) Address using close relation, and (5) Address using mockery.
Dian Ardianti (2004), she discussed about addressing in her research
“An Analysis of Address Term Used in English Translation of Al-Quran”. She
concerned with the honorific in analysis the data and found three addresses
term (1) Addresses term used by God to human, (2) Address term used by
human to God, and (3) Addresses term used by human to human.
Wildayanti (2004), she discussed about addressing in her research “A
Sociolinguistics Analysis of Politeness in Addressing System in Pretty
Woman Manuscript”. She concerned with politeness principles in a system by
employing SPEAKING theory, Tu and Vous theory and politeness strategy.
Beside that, she found six kinds of Address System (1) Address using name,
(2) Address system using close relationship, (3) Address system using intimate
terms, (4) Address system using kinship terms, (5) Address system using
respectful terms, and (6) Address system using mockeries.
Nurnaningsih (2005), she discussed about addressing system in her
research “An Analysis of a Term Used in Aristocratic Movie Manuscript”.
She concerned with the honorific, Tu and Vous principle, and SPEAKING
formula of Hymes in analyzing the data. She conveyed some reason of the use
of address term; they are showing respect, power, intimacy or solidarity, anger
and insult.
It can be seen from the four researches above, that an analysis on the
use of intimate address system in the drama films using sociolinguistics
approach is not yet conducted. Thus, the writer is eager to complete the
available related research by conducting this research.
C. Limitation of the Study
There are many kinds of address used in the script of drama film. In
this research the researcher only takes the data which deal with the intimate
addresses. The analysis will be limited on the addresses that are used for
calling the intimate participants occurring in dialogs in the drama films
entitled “Anna and the King” , “Bridget Jones Diary”, “If Only”, “Music
and Lyrics” , “Prince and Me (The Royal Wedding)” and “The Lake House“.
D. Problem Statement
1. How are the uses of intimate address system?
2. What are the reasons of the use of intimate address system?
E. Objective Study
The objectives of the research are as follows:
1. To describe the uses of intimate addresses employed by the characters in
the drama film.
2. To describe the reasons of the use of intimate address system employed by
the characters in the drama film.
F. Benefits of the Study
The writer hopes that the result of this research can give contribution
academically and practically:
1. Academic Benefits
a. This research will give additional academic reference about English
address terms.
b. The result of this research can be useful to make further analysis
especially on the use of address system in English.
c. This study can gives more information for further researchers dealing
with address system.
2. Practical Benefits
a. To give more information to the readers about the use of address
system especially the use of intimate address.
b. Give information to the readers about the reason of employing such
address system in the drama films and the use of them in appropriate way.
G. Research Paper Organization
The organization of this research paper is given in order to make the
reader easy to understand the contents of the paper. The organization of this
research paper is as follows:
Chapter I is introduction. It consists of the Background of the study,
Limitations of the study, Problem Statement, Objective of the Study, Benefit
of the Study, Benefit of the Study Research Methodology and Research Paper
Organization.
Chapter II is underlying theory. This chapter is concern with the theory
of Sociolinguistics, Context of speech situation, the notion of address system,
Tu and Vous theory, the notion of intimate address, SPEAKING formula, and
key term used in movie manuscript.
Chapter III is research method. This chapter related to the type of the
research, object of the research, data and source of the data, method of
collecting data, and technique of analyzing data.
Chapter IV covers the data analyzes and the discussion of the findings.
Chapter V consists of conclusion and suggestion. Conclusion deals
with the answer of the problem statement and the other findings. This chapter
related to some suggestions for other research and readers.